Navaho Indians essays

Navaho Indians essays The Navaho Indians first came into conflict with the Mexicans and Pueblo Indians. The Navahos often got their wealth from raiding the Mexicans to the south. They had been retaliating against the Mexicans because of the fact that the Mexicans would steal their children and make them into slaves. Later the Americans came and built Fort Defiance at the mouth of Canyon Bonito. The Navahos neglect to keep animals out of the pastures that belonged to the fort, forced the soldiers into battle. The Navahos of course were no match for the advanced weaponry the Americans had. It wasnt until 1861 the Americans gained peace with the Indians. Peace did not remain for long, Kit Carson, once a good friend with the Indians, was given an order from Star Chief Carleton to prepare a war against the Navaho. Carson was reluctant but soon followed the orders and began the scorche- earth program, the destruction of crops and grain fields. Later one of the Carson condoned scalping. Later one of the Navaho Indian leaders, Delgadito, surrendered. Its people were starving, cold and had no shelter. Barboncito, and El Sordo the other leaders, were not willing to give up easily. They remained hiding in the mountains to see what would happen. The ones who surrendered were sent to the Bosque Redondo. On January 6, 1864 Captain Albert Pfeiffer led a small force to invade Canyon de Chelly. A few Navahos were killed and nineteen women and children captured. The next morning Navahos arrived at Carsons camp and surrendered. As winter came more and more Navahos surrendered. During March, the Long Walk of the Navahos to Fort Sumner and the Bosque Redando began. On the way many died of the severe snowstorms. When General Carleton heard that there would be a chance of Marvelito surrending, he sent four Navahos to use their influence on him. Manvelito was not easily convinced. Star Chief Carleton on the other hand was celebrating over his succ...

Counterterrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Counterterrorism - Essay Example The government became stricter in implementing rules and evaluating traders, immigrants, and other travelers going inside the country. Drug traffic is also carefully monitored. The military is also taking action in the war against terrorism. A bigger budget is allocated to support the war. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11 , 2001 , Arab, Muslim, Sikh, and South-Asian Americans, and those perceived to be members of these groups, have been the victims of increased numbers of bias-related assaults, threats, vandalism and arson in the United States. In the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the United States and other countries around the world were placed on a high state of alert against potential follow-up attacks. It is defined as the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons. We often hear the term terrorists'' to describe the bad guys or terrorism'' to describe every act that opposes the government. It has been used so loosely that we need to redefine the term to give back its meaning. "This is a proposal to lend some clarity to the definition, and thus hopefully to the use, of the word terrorism. Currently, the term terrorism is applied to the use of force most often on the basis of whether the speaker agrees with the goal of the violence. Hence the expression . One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." (The Rational Radical, 2001) Homegrown terrorists Most of the time, terrorism is directly associated to the Muslims. Actually, one's conversion to Islam does make him more likely to be a terrorist. It can not be denied that religion greatly influences one's beliefs, morals, ideologies and way of life. Although being a Muslim does not make one an instant terrorist, they are more exposed to the preaching of the Islamic extremists. This makes them more vulnerable, especially because Muslims are noted to be an incredibly united group. They share the same beliefs and goals. One's enemy becomes the enemy of the whole Muslim community. This is why the United States is alarmed by the radicalization of American-Muslim converts. Although the government is doing everything to reinforce the security against outside terrorists, it should be pointed out that rebellion inside the country poses a serious threat to national security. Much attention is also needed to fight domestic terrorism. Domestic terrorists are driven by their political and social beliefs. They are the government's opposition. They go all-out to fight for their beliefs, including stealing, hurting civilians, and other criminal acts. These homegrown terrorists are very diverse and their familiarity and easy access to the country makes them more dangerous. Some of the most distinguished domestic terrorist groups are the white supremacists, the black separatists, and the militia/sovereign citizen movement. The white supremaci

Application essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Application - Essay Example Secondly, during the beginning of the last semester, I joined the Emory Volunteer Program. I have learnt a lot through the activities of the program. In addition, we had an opportunity to visit Furkid, an animal shelter that takes care of cats. The event was successful; we touched the lives of a number of animals. Another opportunity arose to visit Atlanta PAWS, a shelter for homeless dogs. We fed and cleaned the dogs while presenting a number of items for them. The management of the center was very pleased with our kindness while applauding the Emory fraternity for the kind-hearted deed. Thirdly, I am a member of the Sunday school of Tzu Ching Emory. This is an internationally recognized humanitarian non-governmental organization; it is the largest of its kind in the Chinese-speaking world. In addition, the NGO has a special consultative status in the UN economic and social council. We meet every Sunday to plan for the activities of the NGO as well as learning about its mandate. The motivation to join the NGO emanated from my strong passion for charity work. Fourthly, The Sight for Unit club attracted my attention while I was still fresh at Emory. This club has offered me a spectacular opportunity to be of help to others. The club’s mandate is to mobilize resources in aid of people that have lost sight and in need of help. Through the club, we have engaged in various money generating activities including selling of bubble tea and frozen yoghurt to the student community. This activity generated some substantial amount of money that we gave to Sight for Unit organization. Finally, this semester I founded the Emory Tea Ceremony club, a dream that came to me late last semester. The essence of having the club was to spread the Asian tea culture to the students at Emory. I am optimistic that the club will facilitate further celebration of cultural diversity at

Political Legitimacy Essay Example for Free

Political Legitimacy Essay In defining political legitimacy, theorists Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Emma Goldman each put forth a distinct set of values that frame their view on a government’s right to rule. Hobbes, a strong proponent to the right of self-preservation, claims that the protection of life is the only criterion required for a government to be legitimate. On the other hand, John Locke believes that governments should not only preserve life, but also allow for individual liberties and protection of private property, while Emma Goldman maintains the belief that governments use coercion to take away freedoms and therefore should never, under any circumstances, be considered legitimate. Locke’s argument on political legitimacy, that more than just one value is needed to make a legitimate government, is compelling because his criterion protects more than just the life of citizens, it allows for individual’s to have their own liberties free from an oppressive sovereign and prevents the dangers posed by absolute freedom. This paper will set up the lines of government for each theorist and explain why Locke’s perspective on a representative government with separation of powers is more compelling than Goldman’s absence of government and Hobbes’ belief in a sovereign rule. Throughout his work entitled Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argues that the right to self-preservation takes precedence above individual liberties. In the state of nature, man is given the right to do whatever he deems necessary to preserve his own life. Man can therefore commit injury to another man or his property if he thinks it is best to maintain his own life. This state of nature, being naturally quarrelsome, leads to distrust and competition, and encourages dangerous acts and widespread fear. There are no limits on the injuries or vengeance that can occur within this state and as a result, citizens find themselves in need of protection from the violence of others. The Hobbesian covenant thus creates government, by placing all power in the hands of a sovereign, to quell their fears and provide for their protection, thus establishing a state of peace. In establishing a covenant and a government, Hobbes provides the natural law that â€Å"a man be willing, when others are so too, as far-forth, as for peace, and defence of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things,† (Hobbes 80). This means that in order to protect himself, and finding others that desire their own protection above other things, man will give up all of his rights to a sovereign rule. Hobbes argues that failure to relinquish all rights to one ruler will place the covenant back into a state of nature. The sovereign, having been given all rights of the covenant has absolute power and can dictate all laws and grant or withhold all freedoms. He is not to abide by any laws himself, if so he becomes subject to the commonwealth that he rules, therefore forfeiting his absolute power. The covenant however, is not obligated to obey the sovereign in the event that his rule threatens their right to self- preservation. This right being primary in Hobbes’ view is the only thing which individuals ought to place above all other obligations, whether those duties are to their sovereign or fellow man. If it happens that the sovereign is in any way interfering with the right to self-preservation, a value held above all obligations and liberties of the commonwealth, members of the covenant may defy his commands and thrust themselves back into a state of war. This however, does not dissolve the commonwealth; it only removes an individual from the commonwealth. By dissolving government and the common wealth, the sovereign’s removal from power places the covenant into that same state of nature from which they came and they then must establish a new commonwealth and sovereign power. Therefore, the only way a sovereign power can be removed is upon death, though this often results in the succession of another sovereign, either by the predecessor’s choice or by election. Whereas Thomas Hobbes believes that an absolute sovereign government is the only form of legitimacy, Emma Goldman differs by claiming that no government is legitimate because they take away freedoms. Goldman puts forth the theory that individuals, given absolute freedom, have the ability to govern themselves and coexist peacefully in social harmony supplied by the solidarity of interests. The threat of violence and fear stem from the coercive actions used by any and all ruling governments. It is the belief that governments prevent us from doing what we want and force us to do things we don’t want to, Goldman says, that allow governments to â€Å"rest on violence, and are therefore wrong and harmful,† (Goldman 17). These governments harm individuals by â€Å"stealing in the form of taxes, [and] killing in the form of war and capital punishment,† (Goldman 20). Since anarchism claims that violence by government harms citizens, governments cannot provide protection for citizens. Because of her insistence that governments, being coercive and harmful, are never legitimate, Goldman fails to even consider the origins of government and the limits of their powers such as Hobbes and Locke have. She asserts that coercive governments use the threat of force and violence against citizens to control them, leading governments to pursue â€Å"the absolute subordination of the individual,† thus limiting all freedoms and liberties that in a free state, the individual would have access to, (Goldman 19). The subordination of the people by government, degrading the population to mundane obedience, creates an environment that is colorless and spiritless. Instead of adhering to the control of corrupt institutions, Goldman urges individuals to break the coercive hold of governments, defy all authority and pursue the freedoms they would acquire within a state social harmony exempt from authoritative rule. Locke, holding the belief that Hobbes’ rights of the sovereign would lead to tyranny, and that Goldman’s value of absolute freedom would produce a weak and chaotic society without laws, makes a case for government that combines the best of Goldman and Hobbesian theories. Locke’s view on political legitimacy allows for a government with separate powers, so as not to become tyrannical, and for liberties provided to citizens under government rule to encourage freedom and equality. Under Locke’s state of nature, all man is made equal by the decree of God. Each man must preserve himself, but also under God’s power, has a duty to maintain peace amongst the whole of mankind. This view of equality, over Hobbes’ factor of diffidence, as a main quality in the state of nature thus leads to a more dispersed and equal government, as opposed to Hobbes’ government in which all power is placed in one ruler. In a Lockian government, power is divided into the legislative and the executive, this separation of power keeps one person from having complete control over another, and the legislative and executive, according to Locke â€Å"have rules also of appointing and conveying the right to those who are to have any share in the public authority,† (Locke 101). This means that all legislative and executive bodies of governing are bound by the own laws which they make, so as not to become corrupt, tyrannical and illegitimate. Locke, in agreeing with Hobbes, realizes that governments should be established for the protection of the people; however he also notes that protecting an individual’s life should not be their only function. The primary values Locke gives of life, liberty and property, claim that governments have a duty to not only protect the life of an individual, but protect their property and provide them with liberties as well. He agrees with Goldman that the freedom of the individual is an important value not to be overlooked, and maintains the provision that legitimate governments must provide and protect citizen’s rights. Nevertheless, Locke does not go so far as to guarantee the absolute freedom that Goldman presents. He predicts that complete freedoms will lead society on a dangerous path and that laws are put in place to police self-interests and prevent man from causing harm to one another. Locke also refutes the Hobbesian notion that only the sovereign has the power to dictate which liberties to provide and which to withhold. He asserts that individuals must be given fundamental rights which no authority has the power take away. Regarding property rights, Locke produces the â€Å"Labor Theory of Value† in which common property, when mixed with labor, becomes the private property of those who labored on it. Governments cannot allocate this property otherwise and it must be entrusted to its rightful owner. On the dissolution of government, Locke advances the right of the populace to establish new institutions of government if the former has become corrupt and oppressive. Locke approaches the dissolution of governments by arguing that individuals have the right to rebel against governments that are found to be illegitimate. He claims that governments are illegitimate when they â€Å"are altered without the consent and contrary to the common interest of the people,† (Locke 109). He asserts that in this event, individuals are obligated to rebel and create a new governing body that responds to their wishes, thus giving rights of directing the government to its creators and maintaining that the commonwealth is guaranteed some amount of power over its government. Locke’s concept of political legitimacy is compelling because it allows for cooperation between the public and government which prevents the possibility of tyranny that is derived from Hobbes’ theory. His theory of legitimacy also protects life, property and the liberties of people while preventing any dangers to the public that can be drawn from Goldman’s theory that no government is better than some government. At length, Locke’s theory, which successfully combines the values of separate authoritative powers, government protections, and individual liberties, establishes a society in which there is a fair and equal relationship between the commonwealth and its ruling institution.

Dune :: essays research papers

Dune The book Dune has a science-fiction story line that associates two major themes frequently in the book. The title and the setting of the book are used to establish the bleakness and isolation of the planet Arrakis. The plot and resolution bring together the multiple factions including the emperor and the two major houses for control of the spice production. The title of the book Dune, plays a major part of the story. The planet of Arrakis where most of the novel takes place, is a desolate, isolated spot in the universe which isn't valuable for anything, but the spice. The people on the planet have it hard because of the gigantic sand dunes and the indigenous sand worms which live under the sand. The planet has no source of water on it except that of underground, which is very hard to come by. As you can see, "Water is precious there." (pg. 30) The plot of this science-fiction story deals almost entirely of the two major houses that at this time are sworn to destroy each other and the emperor. The two major houses want control of the spice on the planet of Arrakis which allows anyone who has it to fold space. Folding space means traveling anywhere in the universe without actually having to move. The House of Attreides gets destroyed by the House of Harkonnens in the fight over the spice. But on the planet of Arrakis, the local people of that world known as Fremen had had a prophecy that one day a savior would come and make peace where there was war on the planet of Arrakis. The duke's son of the House of Attreides escaped during the fight for the planet and crashed landed on the dunes where the Fremen lived. The duke's son, Paul, became their leader because of his great knowledge. He learned to control the giant sand worms and use them to his own advantage. The Fremen were determined to get rid of all the Harkonnens that ruled the world for

Critical Thinking Case Study Essay

Describe all assumptions you see in any documents. Kelly Thomas – Senior Engineer, Product Development1. Assumed AcuScan’s customers would not be happy with just anything developed and launched. 2. Assumed Pat did not have any technology experience previous job in the cereal industry. 3. Assumed Pat was talking to the programmers without Kelly’s knowledge or consent. 4. Assumed Pat wanted to continue arguing on email. Pat Lambert – Director of Marketing1. Assumed the customer would be happy with anything launched on the market from AcuScan2. Assumed programmers could work in the new launch. 3. Assumed a new product launch would be simple to achieve. 4. Assumed that Kelly Thomas would go along with her regarding the â€Å"Operation Optimize†5. Assumed that the â€Å"Operation Optimize† could be launched in 6-months6. Assumed that meeting with Kelly Thomas in person would rectify the situation. Cliff O’Connor – CEO1. Assumed Pat’s work ethic and experience in previous job will automatically benefit the firm and reach AcuScan’s target market. 2. Assumed the staff would not have any communication or personnel issues. 3. Assumed there would be a budget crisis. Chris Martinas – VP, Product Development1. Assumed that it would not take much time to produce and launch a new product. 2. The potential return for first year would outlay with substantial ROI. THE CONFLICT2) Explain the arguments made by each of these people. Kelly Thomas argued that the new product features could not be developed ‘just like that’ and was detailed with planning, testing and quality control and could long make the features completely work by August. Kelly also stated that since the layoff two years ago, and 25% fewer programmers, they do not have the time or manpower for the product successfully to launch in time. Pat Lambert argued that ‘Retail’ is the answer instead of airports and store security for the new iScanner product to enable retailers to identify incoming customers, with several high-tech features can be developed as a prototype by August and at one point Kelly admitted to it not being a problem to make the iScanner market-ready in time. Chris Martinas argued that Secur-A was, AcuScan’s competition was working on a new product so AcuScan needs to expand into a different market and launch a new product by early 2004 or Secur-A would be on the top of the market. Cliff O’Connor argued that even though AcuScan was facing budget dilemma’s they can find a way to launch the new iScanner. 3) Evaluate each argument. a. Kelly Thomas – Kelly’s argument was logical mostly due to the fact he used the numbers and man hours from the first iScanner launch and he did not want to jeporize his and AcuScan’s reputation by throwing together a flimsy product launch. b. Pat Lambert – Pat’s idea on launching a new product in a new market was a positive one, in fact, a great marketing strategy to be the first company on the market with a new product to get ahead of competition. c. Chris Martinas – Chris does realize that to gain and maintain their  targeted market, a budget deficit would need to be put in action because he believes it is important to have a product launch in a new market. d. Cliff O’Connor – Although Cliff’s argument deems logical, it becomes unbeknownst there are major budgetary issues with AcuScan and to launch the iScanner correctly, there are many other decisions that need to be involved, this may include more lay-offs. Cliff is basing the fact that this new launch in a ‘new’ market will take minimal cost in time and money because AcuScan has done it in the past. 4) Describe specific fallacious arguments, and identify the people who hold them. Pat had a fallacious argument by stating that since other staff members had been with the company longer than Pat, they had a great deal invested in the company and knew what they had to accomplish in order to get a new product off and running. Chris made a fallacious argument about the company being on top again if the company developed a new product. But the since it is unknown, there is no evidence or research at this point the company cannot be certain of this fact. II: CONCLUSIONS1. Describe all problems in this situation. 2. For each problem, describe the data, arguments, and reasoning that contribute to each problem. AcuScan was faced with many problems trying to produce and launch their new iScanner. One main issue was the fact of AcuScan was planning to develop a new product when the company was already facing budgeting issues. Another problem was the staff at AcuScan not meeting face-to-face; instead they relied mainly on email to correspond with one another. Brainstorming, marketing product launches, and budgeting meetings could have benefited the staff and issues could have been handled different and resolved. Cliff, the  CEO should have taken initiative and interjected about the major communication issue the staff was having with one another. Use your reasoning to complete the worksheet below. 3. What is the underlying problem that is the base cause of the conflict within the company?The underlying problem that caused the majority of the issues at AcuScan was the lack of communication between department staff members which resulted in fallacious emails, snide, unnecessary comments which led to lack of production. 4. Alternative solutions. Due to the budgetary issues that were upon AcuScan, instead of a complicated new product launch, expanding the iScanner into industries such as hospitals, colleges and even government offices instead of expanding the new iScanner into the retail environment where the complicated launch requires many additional features is a possible solution, while keeping the idea for the retail industry on the shelf for future product launches. 6. Which solution will you recommend to the CEO? Why? Since both solutions are important, I would mention both to the CEO. Since communication is the backbone of an organization, I would bring up that issue first. Part II: Executive Summary1. Purpose and ScopeThe purpose of this summary is to analyze the issues on launching the new iScanner from AcuScan and rectify any facts pertaining to the potential launch. The scope includes various communications between colleagues and issues that resulted from that dialog. In conclusion the problems will be stated, solutions formulated and recommended results to rectify these problems will be discussed. 2. Summary of the SituationThe conflict between several key persons at AcuScan is hindering the growth of the firm and is causing havoc in receiving positive results for this potential new product launch. Secur-A, AcuScan’s, main competitor is only 4 months from launching their new product so it is believed to be absolutely essential to the survival of AcuScan to  beat them to market with a successful product as well. 3. Key PointsPat Lambert – the new director of Marketing, and Kelly Thomas – chief of the software development team, cannot agree on the length of time and the number of programming hours it will take to bring the new product to market. Kelly states that even with current staffing levels, they do not have the time or manpower to launch a new product the correct way. Pat’s states that a prototype can be built within the timeframe and budget however, neither Pat nor Kelly can compromise. Chris Martinas – VP of Product Development believes that Pat and Kelly can work out their differences together. Chris does not quite understand the magnitude of programming involved with this launch though. ConclusionsAs a result of fallacious emails to one another regarding the new product launch for Pat Lambert and Kelly Thomas both feel alienated and find it hard to compromise on the new iScanner Retail Project. The fallacious emails between Kelly and Pat are regarding their disagreement about the capabilities of the software design team and the man-power to create programming for all the features in the new iScanner. Pat is not quite experienced in dealing with software programmers, their processes and requirements. Pat and Kelly’s emails result in emotional and defensive and inability to listen to each other and cooperate on the new iScanner launch so it does not happen. Conclusion and RecommendationsIn many cases, conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. Many have seen situations where different people with different goals and needs have come into conflict. And we have all seen the often-intense personal animosity that can result. The fact that conflict exists, however, is not necessarily a bad thing: As long as it is resolved effectively, it can lead to personal and professional growth. In many cases, effective conflict resolution skills can make the difference between positive and negative outcomes. The good news is that by resolving conflict successfully, you can solve many of the problems that it has brought to the surface, in addition to getting benefits that you might not at first expect:My recommendation would be to get Pat, Kelly, Chris and Cliff into a room for a face-to-face meeting. The point of this is to increase the understanding which is needed to resolve conflict and it expands people’s awareness of the situation, giving them an insight into how they can achieve their own goals without undermining those of other people. Additionally, if is resolved effectively, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed faith in their ability to work together; and after allowing a brief period of venting, the meeting can be called to order. At this point I would recommend that all emotion be excluded from the communication process, so that the first of many beneficial and productive brainstorming sessions can begin. Another thing I would recommend is to re-vamp the iScanner launch so the product launch is conducive to the budget and to better fit the company’s abilities. For instance, instead of launching a complicated product, possibly expand the current iScanner into other industries such as hospitals, colleges and the government, while adding possibly one or two features. The iScanner retinal scanner will perform the same functions as its current version with possibly one or two new features to keep within the company’s budget. Keeping the expansion of the ‘Retail’ iScanner idea on the backburner to launch in a year or two but after Secur-A launches their product. Reference Apollo Group (2003). UOP Assessment. Retrieved 4/19/08, from https://mycampus.phoenix.edu

Chapter 1 Review Questions Business Communications Essay

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS—CHAPTER 1—CHAPTER REVIEW 6. | In what ways do communication skills act as a career filter? Page 2 | Your ability to communicate will make you marketable and continue to be your ticket to success regardless of the economic climate. | 7. | Do business professionals think that college graduates today are well prepared for the communication and writing tasks in the workplace? Page 2-3 | No. It is said that many college graduates failed the writing test because there isn’t enough time to teach writing skills. | 8. | What are soft skills? Page 3-4 | Essential career attributes that include the ability to communicate, work well with others, solve problems, make ethical decisions, and appreciate diversity.†¦show more content†¦5. Anytime, anywhere, non-territorial offices- telecommuting employees now represent 11 percent of the workforce and the number increases annually 6. Increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtua l teams- business teams are often run by cross functional teams of peers. You may become part of virtual team whose members are in remote locations who communicate almost exclusively electronically. 7. These trends mean that your writing skills will constantly be on display those who can write clear and concise messages contribute to efficient operations and can expect to be rewarded. 7. | 11. | Describe the five steps of the communication process. | 1. sender has an idea 2. Sender encodes the idea in a message 3. message travels over a channel 4. Receiver decodes the message 5. feedback travels to the sender | 12. | List 7 barriers to effective listening. | 1. physical barriers 2. psychological barriers 3. language problems 4. nonverbal distractions 5. thought speed 6. faking attention 7. grandstanding | 13. | List 11 techniques for improving your listening skills and discuss each. Page 11-12 | 1. 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